INDIAN COURT JUDICIARY
Each country has its own judicial system which helps in interpreting law and applying it depending on facts of each case. Judiciary is also considered as mechanism that helps in resolution of disputes. Similarly India also has its own Judicial System which helps in governing the entire judicial system in India. The judicial system of India is also considered to be the oldest legal system. Unified judicial system provided by The Indian Constitution governs the entire judicial system in India.
Supreme Court is at the top and heads the system, then is the High Court and at the bottom is the subordinate courts. The Supreme Court of India is considered to be the highest court in India and is located in Delhi, the capital of country. It is presided by the Chief Justice of India and is also referred to as apex court of India. It is considered to be the final court of justice and also deals with matters which concerns more than one state as well as matters between the Union Government and any one or more states. Supreme Court judge can retain till 65 years. There are some requirements for being appointed as Supreme Court Judge and the most vital is that a person should be a citizen of India. Under Article 141 of the Constitution of India all courts in India which includes High courts are bound by the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court of India. All the documents filed in Supreme Court should be in English language only. If it is in some other language it should be either accompanied by a translation agreed by both the parties or certified to be true translation by a translator appointed by the Court or translated by a Translator approved or appointed by the Court.
There are total 21 High Courts in India. All these 21 High Courts are namely Allahabad High Court, Andhra Pradesh High Court, Bombay High Court, Calcutta High Court, Chhattisgarh High Court, Delhi High Court, Guahati High Court, Gujarat High Court, Himachal Pradesh High Court, Jammu and Kashmir High Court, Jharkhand High Court, Karnataka High Court, Kerala High Court, Madhya Pradesh High Court, Madras High Court, Orissa High Court, Patna High Court, Punjab and Haryana High Court, Rajasthan High Court, Sikkim High Court, Uttaranchal High Court. These courts have jurisdiction over a state, a union territory or a group of state and union territories. Judges of High Court are appointed by the President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India as well as the governor of the state. High courts exercise their original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the courts subordinate to the High court in the state are not competent (not authorized by law) to try such cases due to lack of pecuniary or territorial jurisdiction. Primarily the work of most High Courts consists of Appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Article 226 of the Constitution of India.
Below the High Courts are a hierarchy of subordinate courts namely civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and other district courts. Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a 'District and Sessions Judge'. The judge is known as a District Judge when he presides over a civil case and is known as a Sessions Judge when he presides over a criminal case.
Supreme Court is at the top and heads the system, then is the High Court and at the bottom is the subordinate courts. The Supreme Court of India is considered to be the highest court in India and is located in Delhi, the capital of country. It is presided by the Chief Justice of India and is also referred to as apex court of India. It is considered to be the final court of justice and also deals with matters which concerns more than one state as well as matters between the Union Government and any one or more states. Supreme Court judge can retain till 65 years. There are some requirements for being appointed as Supreme Court Judge and the most vital is that a person should be a citizen of India. Under Article 141 of the Constitution of India all courts in India which includes High courts are bound by the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court of India. All the documents filed in Supreme Court should be in English language only. If it is in some other language it should be either accompanied by a translation agreed by both the parties or certified to be true translation by a translator appointed by the Court or translated by a Translator approved or appointed by the Court.
There are total 21 High Courts in India. All these 21 High Courts are namely Allahabad High Court, Andhra Pradesh High Court, Bombay High Court, Calcutta High Court, Chhattisgarh High Court, Delhi High Court, Guahati High Court, Gujarat High Court, Himachal Pradesh High Court, Jammu and Kashmir High Court, Jharkhand High Court, Karnataka High Court, Kerala High Court, Madhya Pradesh High Court, Madras High Court, Orissa High Court, Patna High Court, Punjab and Haryana High Court, Rajasthan High Court, Sikkim High Court, Uttaranchal High Court. These courts have jurisdiction over a state, a union territory or a group of state and union territories. Judges of High Court are appointed by the President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India as well as the governor of the state. High courts exercise their original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the courts subordinate to the High court in the state are not competent (not authorized by law) to try such cases due to lack of pecuniary or territorial jurisdiction. Primarily the work of most High Courts consists of Appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Article 226 of the Constitution of India.
Below the High Courts are a hierarchy of subordinate courts namely civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and other district courts. Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a 'District and Sessions Judge'. The judge is known as a District Judge when he presides over a civil case and is known as a Sessions Judge when he presides over a criminal case.
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